Python: Complete Language Course

How to install Python and run your first script

Python installation, interpreter vs script mode, print function, comments, indentation, running .py files

Python variables and data types explained

int, float, str, bool, type function, dynamic typing, variable naming rules, type conversion

Python operators and expressions — complete guide

arithmetic operators, comparison operators, logical operators, assignment operators, operator precedence, floor division, modulo

Python if else and conditional logic

if statement, elif chain, else clause, nested conditionals, truthy and falsy values, ternary expression

Python for loops and while loops

for loop, while loop, range function, break, continue, else on loops, infinite loop prevention

Python lists — creation, indexing, and common methods

list creation, indexing, negative indexing, slicing, append, extend, remove, pop, len, list mutability

Python tuples vs lists — when to use each

tuple creation, immutability, packing and unpacking, single-element tuple, tuple vs list performance, named use cases

Python dictionaries — keys, values, and methods

dict creation, key access, get method, update, delete keys, iterating dict, dict comprehension, nested dicts

Python sets — unique collections and set operations

set creation, add, remove, discard, union, intersection, difference, symmetric difference, frozenset, membership testing

Python list comprehensions and generators

list comprehension syntax, conditional comprehension, nested comprehension, generator expressions, memory efficiency, when to use each

How to define and call functions in Python

def keyword, parameters vs arguments, return statement, default parameters, keyword arguments, multiple return values, docstrings

Python *args and **kwargs explained

*args syntax, **kwargs syntax, combining argument types, argument order rules, unpacking into function calls, practical use cases

Python lambda functions and when to use them

lambda syntax, lambda limitations, sort with key, map, filter, reduce, lambda vs named function

Python closures and the scope chain

LEGB scope rule, local scope, enclosing scope, global scope, built-in scope, global keyword, nonlocal keyword, closures

Python decorators — how they work and how to write one

decorator syntax, wrapper function pattern, functools.wraps, decorator with arguments, stacking decorators, practical examples

Python classes and objects — the basics

class definition, __init__ method, instance attributes, class attributes, self parameter, instantiation, instance methods

Python inheritance and method overriding

single inheritance, super() function, method overriding, isinstance, issubclass, multiple inheritance, MRO

Python dunder methods and operator overloading

__str__, __repr__, __len__, __eq__, __lt__, __add__, __getitem__, operator overloading, when to implement dunders

Python class methods, static methods, and properties

@classmethod, @staticmethod, @property, setter, deleter, cls vs self, factory pattern with classmethod

Python abstract classes and interfaces

abc module, ABC class, @abstractmethod, abstract properties, interface pattern, why abstract classes matter, NotImplementedError alternative

How to read and write files in Python

open function, read modes, write modes, with statement, read, readline, readlines, write, writelines, file encoding

Python try except — exception handling patterns

try except block, except with type, else clause, finally clause, raise statement, exception hierarchy, catching multiple exceptions

Python custom exceptions — how and when to create them

custom exception class, exception hierarchy, __init__ override, contextual error messages, re-raising exceptions, exception chaining

Working with JSON files in Python

json module, json.loads, json.dumps, json.load, json.dump, indent parameter, Python-JSON type mapping, handling JSONDecodeError

Reading and writing CSV files with Python

csv module, csv.reader, csv.writer, csv.DictReader, csv.DictWriter, newline parameter, delimiter, quoting

Python iterators and the iterator protocol

__iter__, __next__, StopIteration, custom iterator class, iter() and next() built-ins, lazy evaluation, infinite iterators

Python generators — yield and send explained

yield keyword, generator function, generator object, send method, yield from, generator vs iterator, practical generator patterns

Python context managers — writing your own with statement

__enter__, __exit__, contextlib.contextmanager, exception suppression in __exit__, resource management pattern, practical examples

Python type hints and how to use them

function annotations, variable annotations, typing module, Optional, Union, List, Dict, Callable, dataclasses, mypy basics

Python threading and multiprocessing basics

threading module, Thread class, GIL, I/O-bound vs CPU-bound, multiprocessing module, Process class, concurrent.futures, ThreadPoolExecutor